Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic In thermodynamics, the term exothermic describes a process or reaction that releases energy usually in the form of heat, but also in the form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or explosion), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound. Its etymology stems from the Greek prefix ex- (meaning "outside") and the Greek word thermein (meaning "to chemical reactions between a fuel Fuel is any material that is burned or altered to obtain energy and to heat or to move objects. Fuel releases its energy either through a chemical reaction means, such as combustion, or nuclear means, such as nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. An important property of a useful fuel is that its energy can be stored to be released only when needed, and an oxidant A mnemonic for differentiating the reactions is "OIL RIG": Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain or "LEO the lion says GER" (Lose Electrons: Oxidation, Gain Electrons: Reduction). You can also use "AOL" - Anode, oxidation, loss of electrons accompanied by the production of heat In physics and thermodynamics, heat is the process of energy transfer from one body or system due to thermal contact, which in turn is defined as an energy transfer to a body in any other way than due to work performed on the body and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light Light is electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye . In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not in the form of either glowing Smouldering is the slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel . Many solid materials can sustain a smouldering reaction, including coal, cellulose, wood, cotton, tobacco, peat, duff, humus, synthetic foams, charring polymers including or a flame A flame , is the visible (light-emitting) gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic reaction (for example, combustion, a self-sustaining oxidation reaction) taking place in a thin zone. If a fire is hot enough to ionize the gaseous components, it can become a plasma. Most fuels of interest are organic compounds (especially hydrocarbon In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded) in the gas, liquid or solid phase.
In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen Oxygen (pronounced /ˈɒksɨdʒɨn/, OK-si-jin, from the Greek roots ὀξύς (acid, literally "sharp", from the taste of acids) and -γενής (-genēs) (producer, literally begetter) is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly or fluorine Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. Fluorine forms a single bond with itself in elemental form, resulting in the diatomic F2 molecule. F2 is a supremely reactive, poisonous, pale, yellowish brown gas. Elemental fluorine is the most chemically reactive and electronegative of all the elements. For, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example:
- CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
- CH2S + 6F2 → CF4 + 2HF + SF6
A simpler example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75 % of the universe's elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. Naturally occuring and oxygen Oxygen (pronounced /ˈɒksɨdʒɨn/, OK-si-jin, from the Greek roots ὀξύς (acid, literally "sharp", from the taste of acids) and -γενής (-genēs) (producer, literally begetter) is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines:
- 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + heat
The result is water vapor.
In the large majority of industrial applications of combustion and in fires Fire is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material releasing heat, light, and various reaction products such as carbon dioxide and water. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the fire's intensity might vary. Fire in its most, air The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the core Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention, and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. Dry air contains roughly 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% is the source of oxygen (O2). In air, each kg The kilogram is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI, from the French Le Système International d’Unités).[Note 2] The kilogram is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK),[Note 3] which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water. It is the only SI base unit with (lbm The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement. A number of different definitions have been used, the most common today being the international avoirdupois pound of exactly 0.45359237 kilograms) of oxygen is mixed with approximately 3.76 kg (lbm) of nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N, the atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. The resultant flue gas Flue gas is gas that exits to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. Quite often, it refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is being burned, but it will usually consist of mostly nitrogen from the combustion will contain nitrogen:
- CH4 + 2O2 + 7.52N2 → CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 + heat
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San Jose Mercury News
Burning of wood, manufactured logs, pellets or other solid fuels is barred in fireplaces and stoves in the nine counties from midnight Tuesday to midnight ...
Yellow Burning Code in Place for Washoe County KOLO
Fireplace use banned for below-freezing Wednesday morning Napa Valley Register
Winter Spare The Air Alert Issued For Wednesday FoxReno.com
Vallejo Times-Herald - PR Newswire (press release)
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